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  1. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the …

  2. The Standard Model - CERN

    Our best understanding of how these particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particle physics. Developed in the early 1970s, it has …

  3. The Standard Model – The Physics Hypertextbook

    The standard model of particle physics is a mathematical model that describes electromagnetism, the strong and weak nuclear forces, and the Higgs mechanism.

  4. DOE Explains...the Standard Model of Particle Physics

    The Standard Model of Particle Physics is scientists’ current best theory to describe the most basic building blocks of the universe. It explains how particles called quarks (which make up …

  5. These lectures provide a basic introduction to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics.

  6. Standard model | Elementary Particles, Forces & Interactions

    Oct 31, 2025 · Standard model, the combination of two theories of particle physics into a single framework to describe all interactions of subatomic particles, except those due to gravity.

  7. What Is the Standard Model of Physics? A Guide to Everything

    May 23, 2025 · In the searing moments after the Big Bang, the fundamental particles and forces described by the Standard Model governed the universe’s primordial soup. Understanding …

  8. Particle physics has evolved a coherent model that characterizes forces and particles at the most elementary level. This standard model, built from many theoretical and experimental studies, is …

  9. What is the Standard Model of particle physics, and why are …

    May 19, 2022 · A key theory of particle physics, the Standard Model has withstood test after test. But there are holes in the theory, particularly when it comes to gravity.

  10. What is the Standard Model? - Space

    Sep 22, 2022 · The Standard Model of Physics is the theory of particles, fields and the fundamental forces that govern them.