WASHINGTON—President Trump plans to sign an executive order on Monday escalating his battle against Democratic-led states and cities that don’t fully cooperate with federal immigration authorities, a key barrier to the mass deportations he has promised.

The federal government will develop a list of sanctuary jurisdictions that would likely include Massachusetts and Boston, potentially threatening their access to federal funds.

Trump campaigned on the promise to defund sanctuary cities and the orders he signed Monday come just around the 100-day mark of his administration.