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8 Practical Uses for the Python os Module

os.path.join (folder, filename) ensures the path is correct for the system. On Windows, it uses backslashes (reports\summary.txt); on Linux and macOS it uses forward slashes (reports/summary.txt).

I tested Claude 4.5 vs ChatGPT-5 with 9 tough prompts — and there's a clear winner

I tested Claude 4.5 against ChatGPT-5 in 9 challenges from logic puzzles to storytelling. Here’s which AI won.
IEEE

Establishing Models for Digital Twin of Hydropower Systems Using Probability Density Function Shaping

Abstract: This paper introduces a digital twin modeling method for hydropower systems with Kaplan turbines using probability density function (PDF) shaping. We first use multilayer perceptron (MLP) ...