As this example illustrates, units of matter are organized and integrated into levels of increasing complexity; this is a concept referred to as integrative levels of organization.

Biological complexity is often masked by bulk sequencing and microarray techniques, which provide an average snapshot of how cells work. In contrast, single-cell sequencing technology allows ...

A hypothesis has been advanced recently predicting that, in evolution, as higher-level entities arise from associations of lower-level organisms, and as these entities acquire the ability to feed, ...

The jumps -- saltations, in complexity parlance -- appear to be non-linear emergent phenomena, the result of networked interactions that produce self-organization at ever higher levels.

After approximately 50 years of circadian research, especially in selected circadian model systems (Drosophila, Neurospora, Gonyaulax and, more recently, cyanobacteria and mammals), we appreciate the ...