We have all had difficulty testing diodes in-circuit. Most DMM’s have a diode Vf function that measures forward drop, but what is the normal voltage drop? Analog VOM’s attempt to measure resistance of ...

In-circuit test (ICT) has been instrumental in identifying manufacturing process defects and component defects on countless varieties of populated printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies for more than ...

The NEC provides a recommendation on voltage drop for branch circuits in Informational Note No. 4 following 210.19(A). A similar recommendation for feeders exists in Informational Note No. 2 following ...

I see techs in the field get the most frustrated when they have a low-voltage short they can’t seem to locate. The challenge techs face with low voltage diagnosis is a combination of poor process and ...

Sample-and-hold amplifiers sample an analog voltage and hold it until an ADC can digitize it. A perfect sampling circuit holds a voltage until digitizing is complete. Thus, the amplifier’s output is ...

Voltage-drop testing is one of the most useful and effective electrical checks a technician can perform. Owners and managers should understand this technique and encourage it. My field experience has ...

At one time a relatively infrequent occurrence, voltage drop is now a major impediment to reliability at advanced nodes. Decades ago, voltage drop was only an issue for very large and high-speed ...

What type of equipment is best to use for low-voltage test of battery cells? What is an electronic load, and how does it work? How to overcome a major limitation with the low-voltage-discharge test.

Electrical snafus are among the most annoying problems with older cars. Unlike tires or bodywork, there's something about electrical systems that seems to baffle many car crafters. We could blame it ...

When clients call you because operating problems on pieces of their 120V equipment cause them to suspect their facility's power supply, you have to decide where to start your investigation. Don't ...