Getting a handle on the invisible part of your network—the protocols that are in use—can be of enormous value in helping you detect problems.

The Data Link Layer is one of my favorite layers of the OSI Model. Like a father who loves ALL of his children equally, but in different ways, I also love the other layers, but Layer 2 will always ...

If you have anything to do with networked AV and you're not well-versed in the OSI model, we've got you covered. You will learn the fundamental ideas around getting data from host A to host B over a ...

In this continuation of his tip on ISDN implementation, Chris Partsenidis discusses the OSI Layers, protocols, components and router options used by ISDN.

Engineer's perspective: TCP is at Layer 4, IP is at Layer 3, VLAN is at Layer 2—layered thinking is the first step in ...

ZTNA 2.0 advocates contend there needs to be more stringent enforcement of least privileged access from the third to the seventh layer of the OSI Model. One of the gaps ZTNA 2.0 advocates point to ...

The Physical Layer includes cable specs, pin-out patterns, voltages, hubs, repeaters, network cards, protocol standards (RJ45, V series modem standards) and even host bus adapters (HBA).