According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

Could anyone help find authoritative online sources and /or otherwise articulate on why it makes sense to go from the “top down” in the OST 7 -- layer model, instead of “bottom up”, when ...

Getting started on designing a network is a task of formidable proportions, but all the more so if you are looking to build a secure IT network. Often, IT system administrators are not fully familiar ...

The line between middleware and application software is blurred, which is why this chapter introduces both together. Middleware is software that has been abstracted out of the application layer for a ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email, Web ...

The exposure of the application layer to the outside world makes it a prime target for a cyber attack. The application layer – layer 7 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communications model – ...