The Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Programmable Materials CPM (Fraunhofer CPM, Freiburg, Germany) has developed a 4D printing technology that can alter the shape of predefined, printed polymers when ...

4D printing is nothing more than a digital manufacturing technology, 3D printing, which includes a new dimension: the temporal.

Have you ever imaged high-resolution 3D structures at the micro/nanoscale that react dynamically to their surroundings? The 4D printing technology is changing the game by using smart materials ...

Now, researchers have developed 3D printable polymer networks based on “living” chemical linkages that can reshape themselves and change properties on demand. This new materials platform unlocks ...

Additionally, the preparation of multi-functional integrated EMMs and developing high-resolution, high-speed, and multi-material 4D printing processes are areas that require continued research.

A Chinese research team has developed a single-step femtosecond laser 4D printing technology that enables rapid and precise micro-scale deformation of smart hydrogels. This innovation, inspired by ...

Tibbits' latest technology for so-called " 4D printing," unveiled during a talk at the TED conference on 26 February in Long Beach, California, uses water to activate and power strands of material ...

However, a new study set to be published in ACM Transactions on Graphics examines how the shortcomings of 3D printing can be overcome with the advent of 4D printing, which involves self-folding that ...