Some ciphers have simple keys, others, complex ones. The key for a cipher used by Augustus Caesar, some 2,000 years ago, was simple enough: The receiver just had to shift the alphabet one position.

The appearance of the purported cipher text sheds a poor light on our security About a year and a half after Prime Minister Imran Khan was removed from office, The Intercept magazine of the USA ...

Bauer reveals how Caesar's cipher worked, substituting each plain-text letter with a letter a fixed number of places away in the alphabet.

But the goal remains the same: to transfer a readable message (plain text) into something an unintended reader cannot understand (cipher text).

However, the report said Adobe had used a single block cipher throughout the database, resulting in identical passwords having the same ciphertext in the database.