Vitamin C tablets’ surface roughness is key to defining their surface morphology and, therefore, their delivery rate and interaction time with external stimuli. Surface roughness can be observed via ...

General Motors's Active Fuel Management (AFM) technology utilizes hydraulic valves, solenoids, and advanced software to shut down half of the cylinders in a V8 or V6 engine to save fuel. The system ...

The high-resolution imaging capability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be extended to enable a wide range of characterization methods to study electrical, mechanical, thermal, and other ...

Polymers are crucial across multiple sectors, including food packaging, tire fabrication, adhesives, and medical‑grade plastics. Photothermal atomic force microscope‑based infrared spectroscopy ...

Photothermal AFM-IR is a highly effective method for nanoscale chemical analysis, ideally suited to the stringent requirements of semiconductor research and production. By integrating the spatial ...