Random walks constitute a foundational concept in probability theory, describing the seemingly erratic movement of particles or agents as they traverse a space in a series of stochastic steps. In many ...

Tiny particles like pollen grains move constantly, pushed and pulled by environmental forces. To study this motion, physicists use a "random walk" model—a system in which every step is determined by a ...

Tiny particles like pollen grains move constantly, pushed and pulled by environmental forces. To study this motion, physicists use a “random walk” model — a system in which every step is determined by ...

Random processes take place all around us. It rains one day but not the next; stocks and bonds gain and lose value; traffic jams coalesce and disappear. Because they’re governed by numerous factors ...

Random fields and Gaussian processes constitute fundamental frameworks in modern probability theory and spatial statistics, providing robust tools for modelling complex dependencies over space and ...