Many languages have the concept of a final class – one that cannot be inherited. Python does not have such a facility as any class can be inherited, but you can use a metaclass to make the equivalent ...

David Mertz writes about Python metaclass programming on O'Reilly. "Classes and objects are simple, right? Once you really get it, isn't that all there is? Well, no--there's a whole class of advanced ...

Notice that this is a call to MyMeta, which is a class even if it does inherit from type, so what happens is exactly what always happens – first __new__ is called ...