We've learned that much of Mars isn't all that hospitable to life as we know it after all. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

WE CONTAIN MULTITUDES NASA allows no more than 300,000 spores (single-celled organisms) to accompany robotic missions that land on Mars. Human bodies, in comparison, contain trillions of ...

The binary decision-making framework outlined in Chapter 2 provides an alternative to probabilistic estimates of contamination constrained by the uncertain and/or unknowable factors included in the ...

With an increasing number of space missions targeting various celestial bodies, including Mars, Europa, and the Moon, the importance of maintaining the integrity of these environments while protecting ...

Russia carries out work in the sphere of planetary protection "on its own initiative and without general coordination," Anatoly Zaitsev said MOSCOW, June 30. /TASS/. The United States and other ...

Suggested Citation: "2 Study of the History of the Solar System and Its Prebiotic Chemistry: Permanently Shadowed Regions on the Moon." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020.