Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

A worksheet that calculates control valve installed gain can be part of any control valve selection process. For many years, the author has used, and promoted the use of, control valve installed flow ...

A single power plant uses hundreds of valves to control almost every aspect of its operation. Valves, in conjunction with a controlling actuator, are used for pollution control, feed water, cooling ...

Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

Directional-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking airflow to control the speed or sequence of operations. One method of classifying directional-control valves is by ...

Compressible fluid flow through control valves will inevitably cause some form of flow-induced vibration in the fluid system. Identifying the type and cause of the vibration requires detective work.