tx and ty are translation. I think a and d are scale and b and c are some function of rotation. I have videos that are flipped and rotated using arbitrary matrices. How can I make them right-side-up ...

This is a subject I struggled with the first time I took it. Ironically, this was the engineering version of it. It wasn't until I took the rigorous, axiomatic version that everything clicked.

Vector spaces, linear transformation, matrix representation, inner product spaces, isometries, least squares, generalised inverse, eigen theory, quadratic forms, norms, numerical methods. The fourth ...

Transforming light: illustration of how an arbitrary linear transform can be achieved in an all-optical system using diffractive surfaces (Courtesy: Ozcan Lab/UCLA) Researchers in the US have shown ...