For decades, dopamine has been celebrated in neuroscience as the quintessential "reward molecule"—a chemical herald of ...

The remarkable ability of cells in the brain to store and process information has fascinated scientists for centuries. To accomplish this feat, neurons must have mechanisms to generate both transient ...

Effective learning isn't just about finding the easiest path—it's about the right kind of challenge. Two prominent theories—Desirable Difficulties (DDF) and Cognitive Load Theory (CLT)—offer valuable ...

Our brains may work best when teetering on the edge of chaos. A new theory suggests that criticality a sweet spot between order and randomness is the secret to learning, memory, and adaptability. When ...