When commercial options fail, try using Manchester encoding and other time-tested protocols in low-cost, low bit-rate serial communications. When developing an embedded system that requires basic ...

Index modulation (IM) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems represents a transformative approach in modern communications. This technique utilises the indices of active ...

In modern communication systems, modulation is a key function that embeds the baseband signal (information) into a carrier wave so that it can be successfully broadcasted through a medium such as air ...