Last month, we clarified the definition of a vector and showed you how vectors are added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. This month, we'll see how to use vectors in defining a complex circuit ...

Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Digital or vector modulation can provide increased spectral efficiency, higher data security, and higher quality communications. This comes at a cost of increased system complexity and a resultant ...

Nonlinear vector network analysis extends conventional techniques by addressing the inherent non-idealities and nonlinear behaviours present in high-frequency and microwave devices. This approach ...

What is a vector, and how can we use it in electrical design? According to the “IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms,” a vector quantity is “any physical quantity whose ...