AES operates on the principle of the Auger effect, named after the French physicist Pierre Auger. When a material's surface is bombarded with a beam of high-energy electrons or photons, it causes the ...

Fluorescence Spectroscopy is based on the number of key principles and applications. These are outlined below. What Is the Jablonski Diagram? The Jablonski diagram was developed in 1933. It is a well ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Raman spectroscopy is a unique technique that is often used in a range of applications such as forensic analysis, medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the food and agricultural ...