In the previous chapter, we learned various strategies to guide AI models 'down the mountain' (optimization algorithms), such ...

Backpropagation is not limited to function derivatives. Any algorithm that effectively takes the loss function and applies gradual, positive changes back through the network is valid.

Godfather of AI Geoffrey Hinton remains a towering figure in artificial intelligence. Learn about his education, his role as ...

The Forward-Forward algorithm (FF) is comparable in speed to backpropagation but has the advantage that it can be used when the precise details of the forward computation are unknown.